Stock research guides — F-Score, Z-Score, valuation & risk
Guides on stock scoring, screening metrics and portfolio risk — written to be genuinely useful, then put to work in the app.
The Piotroski F-Score Explained: The 9 Criteria and How to Use It
The Piotroski F-Score grades a company's financial health from 0 to 9 across nine accounting signals. Here's each criterion, the formula behind it, and how to use the score as a screening filter rather than a buy signal.
7 min read →The Altman Z-Score Explained: Formula, Distress Zones, and How to Screen for It
A clear, practical guide to the Altman Z-Score: the formula, its five ratios, the safe/grey/distress zones, and how to use it as a bankruptcy-risk filter in your stock research.
7 min read →How to Calculate the Intrinsic Value of a Stock (DCF + Margin of Safety)
A plain-English guide to estimating a stock's intrinsic value with a discounted cash flow model, including the formula, a step-by-step worked example, and how to apply a margin of safety.
9 min read →Value at Risk (VaR) Explained: Parametric, 95/99%, and CVaR
Value at Risk estimates how much a portfolio could lose on a bad day at a given confidence level. Here is how parametric VaR, 95/99%, and CVaR actually work — with a worked example and their real limits.
7 min read →How to Screen for Value Stocks: A Step-by-Step Guide (P/E, P/B, F-Score, Quality)
A step-by-step framework for screening value stocks — pairing cheap valuation (P/E, P/B, P/S) with quality and solvency filters (Piotroski F-Score, Altman Z-Score) so you avoid value traps.
8 min read →What Is a Composite Stock Score? A Plain-English Guide to Multi-Factor Ratings
A composite stock score rolls quality, value, growth, and momentum into a single 0-100 rating (or A-F grade) so you can compare names on a like-for-like basis. Here is how the math actually works.
8 min read →